Music Business Glossary

Simple, plain-English definitions of the money and business terms every independent artist runs into. Click a category to filter.

Master (master recording)

The original recording of a song. Whoever owns it earns money whenever it gets streamed or used.

Advance

Money a label pays you upfront. Not a gift, it gets paid back out of your future royalties.

Recoupment

The process of a label taking back the advance from your royalties before you see extra money.

Royalty

Money you earn every time your music gets streamed, sold, or used.

Royalty rate

The percentage of income you get to keep, versus what the label keeps.

Streamshare

Your share of all the streams in one country. This decides your share of that country's payout pool.

Publishing royalty

Money paid for the song itself, the melody and lyrics, separate from the recording.

The MLC

The US organization that collects streaming songwriting money. If you write your own songs, you likely need to register here.

Net receipts

The actual money a label keeps after its own costs are taken out.

CPM

What an advertiser pays per 1,000 ad views on YouTube.

RPM

What you actually earn per 1,000 views, after YouTube's cut.

Content ID

YouTube's system that finds your music in other people's videos, so you can claim a share of that video's ad money.

Monetized view

A view where an ad actually played. Not every view earns money.

Premium vs. Free tier

Paying Spotify subscribers versus free, ad-supported listeners. Both pay you, usually at different rates.

Licensing deal

You lend your music to a label for a set time, then get full ownership back.

Distribution deal

A company gets your music onto Spotify and other apps, without taking ownership of your masters.

360 deal

A deal where the label takes a cut of touring and merchandise too, not just your music.

Term

How long a contract lasts, often measured in albums or years.

Option period

A clause letting the label choose to extend the deal. Usually the label's choice, not yours.

Exclusivity

A clause saying you can only release music through that one label.

Territory

The regions of the world where a deal actually applies.

Cross-collateralization

When a label uses money from one of your projects to cover costs from another one.

Entertainment lawyer

A lawyer who specializes in music contracts, not general business law.

Flat fee

One fixed price for a task, instead of paying by the hour.

Distributor

The company (like DistroKid) that gets your music onto Spotify and pays you your share.

YouTube Partner Program (YPP)

YouTube's official program that lets you earn money from ads on your videos.

Exposure deal

A deal where you perform for reach and attention instead of a direct payment.

Discovery Mode

A Spotify tool that boosts your song in exchange for a smaller cut of royalties on those specific streams.

1,000-stream threshold

Spotify's rule that a song needs 1,000 streams in a year before it earns any money at all.

Click-through rate (CTR)

The percentage of people who see your video's thumbnail and actually click it.

Average view duration (AVD)

How much of your video the average person actually watches.

Session contribution

How much total watch time your video adds to someone's visit, a signal YouTube rewards.